Background services without systemd (runit, OpenRC, ...)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <[email protected]>

Core.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ picked for one Sara program looks the same in all of them.
 """
 
 import os
+import shutil
 import sys
 from dataclasses import asdict, dataclass, field
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -64,7 +65,14 @@ ReceiptsDir = DataDir / "Receipts"  # what each install placed, for exact remova
 PristineDir = DataDir / "Pristine"  # the default configs as last installed (merge base)
 BackupsDir = DataDir / "Backups"  # displaced files and pre-merge config copies
 DownloadsDir = CacheHome / "SaraSuite" / "Downloads"  # extracted source archives
-ServicesDir = DataDir / "Services"  # Windows: <Name>.pid of each running background service
+# <Name>.pid and <Name>.log of each service SaraSuite runs itself (Services.py).
+ServicesDir = DataDir / "Services"
+
+# Linux: whether systemd runs the system, and so --user services. Without it
+# (runit on Void, OpenRC, s6, dinit, ...) services run the way they do on
+# Windows (Services.py), started at login from AutostartDir.
+HasSystemd = not IsWindows and Path("/run/systemd/system").is_dir() and shutil.which("systemctl") is not None
+AutostartDir = ConfigHome / "autostart"
 
 # Bundled read-only files (program manifests, fonts). Inside a PyInstaller
 # build they're unpacked to sys._MEIPASS rather than next to the code.

Installer.py

@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ from pathlib import Path, PurePosixPath
 from typing import Callable, Optional
 
 from ConfigMerge import ApplySet, MergeConfig, MergeResult
-from Core import BackupsDir, ChildEnvironment, DownloadsDir, IsWindows, LoadConfig, PristineDir, StartMenuDir, StartupDir
+import Services
+from Core import (
+    AutostartDir, BackupsDir, ChildEnvironment, DownloadsDir, HasSystemd, IsWindows, LoadConfig, PristineDir,
+    StartMenuDir, StartupDir,
+)
 from Manifests import Leftover, Program, Render
 from Receipts import IniRecord, LoadReceipt, PlacedFile, Receipt
 from Sources import ClearDownloads, Download, LatestCommit, SourceError
@@ -55,6 +59,8 @@ def _Run(Command: list[str], Log: LogFn, Check: bool = True, Cwd: Optional[Path]
 
 
 def _Systemctl(Log: LogFn, *Args: str, Check: bool = False) -> int:
+    if not HasSystemd:
+        return 0  # services run through Services.py instead
     return _Run(["systemctl", "--user", *Args], Log, Check=Check)
 
 
@@ -499,11 +505,30 @@ def _ApplyShortcuts(Program: Program, Context: dict, OldReceipt: Optional[Receip
         )
 
 
-def _ApplyWindowsServices(Program: Program, Context: dict, OldReceipt: Optional[Receipt], NewReceipt: Receipt, Log: LogFn) -> None:
-    """A Startup-folder shortcut runs the service at login (through
-    ServiceRun.py, which records its PID); enabling also starts it now."""
-    import WindowsSupport
+def _PlaceAutostart(Program: Program, Service, Command: tuple, OldReceipt: Optional[Receipt],
+                    NewReceipt: Receipt, Log: LogFn) -> None:
+    """Linux without systemd: the XDG autostart entry that starts a service at
+    login. Recorded like a shortcut, so it goes when the service is turned off
+    or the program removed (and one that was already there comes back)."""
+    Entry = AutostartDir / f"{Service.Name}.desktop"
+    Previous = OldReceipt.FindFile(str(Entry)) if OldReceipt is not None else None
+    Placed = PlacedFile(str(Entry), "Shortcut", Displaced=Previous.Displaced if Previous else "")
+    if Previous is None and Entry.exists():
+        Displaced = BackupsDir / Program.Name / "Displaced" / _BackupName(str(Entry))
+        Displaced.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copy2(Entry, Displaced)
+        Placed.Displaced = str(Displaced)
+    Entry.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    Entry.write_text(Services.AutostartEntry(Service.Name, *Command))
+    NewReceipt.Files.append(Placed)
+    Log(f"Wrote {Entry}")
 
+
+def _ApplyStandInServices(Program: Program, Context: dict, OldReceipt: Optional[Receipt], NewReceipt: Receipt, Log: LogFn) -> None:
+    """Services SaraSuite runs itself (Windows; Linux without systemd): at
+    login from a Startup-folder shortcut / an autostart entry, through
+    ServiceRun.py; enabling also starts it now. An update restarts it, so
+    it runs the new code."""
     WasEnabled = set(OldReceipt.EnabledServices) if OldReceipt else set()
     Runner = Program.ProgramDir / "ServiceRun.py"
     for Service in Program.Services:
@@ -511,13 +536,19 @@ def _ApplyWindowsServices(Program: Program, Context: dict, OldReceipt: Optional[
         WorkingDir = Path(Render(Service.WorkingDir, Context)) if Service.WorkingDir else Program.AppDir
         if Program.OptionEnabled(Service.Option, NewReceipt.Options):
             NewReceipt.EnabledServices.append(Service.Id)
-            _PlaceShortcut(
-                Program, StartupDir / f"{Service.Name}.lnk", f'"{Runner}" {Service.Name} "{Script}"',
-                WorkingDir, None, f"{Service.Name} (background service)", OldReceipt, NewReceipt, Log,
-            )
-            WindowsSupport.StartService(Service.Name, Program.PythonW, Runner, Script, WorkingDir, Log)
+            if IsWindows:
+                _PlaceShortcut(
+                    Program, StartupDir / f"{Service.Name}.lnk", f'"{Runner}" {Service.Name} "{Script}" "{WorkingDir}"',
+                    WorkingDir, None, f"{Service.Name} (background service)", OldReceipt, NewReceipt, Log,
+                )
+            else:
+                _PlaceAutostart(Program, Service, (Program.Python, Runner, Script, WorkingDir), OldReceipt, NewReceipt, Log)
+            if Service.Id in WasEnabled and not IsWindows:  # Windows stopped it before the update
+                Services.Restart(Service.Name, Program.PythonW, Runner, Script, WorkingDir, Log)
+            else:
+                Services.Start(Service.Name, Program.PythonW, Runner, Script, WorkingDir, Log)
         elif Service.Id in WasEnabled:
-            WindowsSupport.StopService(Service.Name, Log)
+            Services.Stop(Service.Name, Log)
 
 
 def _StopWindowsServices(Program: Program, Receipt: Optional[Receipt], Log: LogFn) -> None:
@@ -525,17 +556,15 @@ def _StopWindowsServices(Program: Program, Receipt: Optional[Receipt], Log: LogF
     its files or venv are replaced or removed."""
     if not IsWindows or Receipt is None:
         return
-    import WindowsSupport
-
     for Name in Receipt.EnabledServices:
-        WindowsSupport.StopService(Name, Log)
+        Services.Stop(Name, Log)
 
 
 def _ApplyServices(Program: Program, OldReceipt: Optional[Receipt], NewReceipt: Receipt, Log: LogFn, Context: Optional[dict] = None) -> None:
     if not Program.Services and not (OldReceipt and OldReceipt.EnabledServices):
         return
-    if IsWindows:
-        _ApplyWindowsServices(Program, Context or Program.Context(NewReceipt.Answers), OldReceipt, NewReceipt, Log)
+    if IsWindows or not HasSystemd:
+        _ApplyStandInServices(Program, Context or Program.Context(NewReceipt.Answers), OldReceipt, NewReceipt, Log)
         return
     _Systemctl(Log, "daemon-reload")
     WasEnabled = set(OldReceipt.EnabledServices) if OldReceipt else set()
@@ -557,7 +586,12 @@ def _AfterIntegrationChanges(Program: Program, Log: LogFn) -> None:
     if any(Template.Target.endswith(".desktop") for Template in Program.Templates) and Applications.exists():
         _Run(["update-desktop-database", str(Applications)], Log, Check=False)
     for Unit in Program.RestartUnits:
-        _Systemctl(Log, "try-restart", Unit)
+        if HasSystemd:
+            _Systemctl(Log, "try-restart", Unit)
+        else:
+            # No systemd to restart it: stop it, and D-Bus starts it again
+            # when it's next needed (xdg-desktop-portal is D-Bus activated).
+            _Run(["pkill", "-x", "-u", str(os.getuid()), Unit.removesuffix(".service")], Log, Check=False)
 
 
 def Apply(
@@ -686,7 +720,9 @@ def PlanRemoval(Program: Program) -> RemovalPlan:
         Plan.Items.append(RemovalItem(str(Downloaded), "Program", "downloaded source"))
 
     if Current is not None:
-        ServiceNote = "background service, stopped and taken out of Startup" if IsWindows else "systemd user service, stopped and disabled"
+        ServiceNote = ("background service, stopped and taken out of Startup" if IsWindows
+                       else "systemd user service, stopped and disabled" if HasSystemd
+                       else "background service, stopped and taken out of autostart")
         for Unit in Current.EnabledServices:
             Plan.Items.append(RemovalItem(Unit, "Integration", ServiceNote))
         for Placed in Current.Files:
@@ -733,6 +769,9 @@ def Remove(Program: Program, RemoveConfigs: bool, RemoveRuntime: bool, Log: LogF
     if Current is not None:
         if IsWindows:
             _StopWindowsServices(Program, Current, Log)
+        elif not HasSystemd:
+            for Name in Current.EnabledServices:
+                Services.Stop(Name, Log)
         else:
             for Unit in Current.EnabledServices:
                 _Systemctl(Log, "disable", "--now", Unit)

Manifests.py

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ from typing import Optional
 import tomlkit
 
 from Core import (
-    CacheHome, ConfigHome, CurrentDesktop, DataHome, Home, IsWindows, LoadConfig, Platform,
-    ProgramsDir, SharedConfigDir, StartMenuDir, StartupDir,
+    AutostartDir, CacheHome, ConfigHome, CurrentDesktop, DataHome, HasSystemd, Home, IsWindows, LoadConfig,
+    Platform, ProgramsDir, SharedConfigDir, StartMenuDir, StartupDir,
 )
 
 # Never worth copying out of a source checkout, whatever Include says.
@@ -83,19 +83,26 @@ class IniEdit:
 
 @dataclass
 class Service:
-    """A background service. Linux: a systemd --user Unit (placed by a
-    Template). Windows: Script (relative to the app folder) run windowless by
-    ServiceRun.py in WorkingDir, at login through a Startup-folder shortcut."""
+    """A background service. Linux with systemd: a --user Unit (placed by a
+    Template). Windows, and Linux without systemd (runit, OpenRC, ...):
+    Script (relative to the app folder) run by ServiceRun.py in WorkingDir,
+    at login through a Startup-folder shortcut / an XDG autostart entry
+    (Services.py), so a Linux service gives both Unit and Name/Script."""
 
     Unit: str = ""
     Option: str = ""  # enabled + started only while this option is ticked
-    Name: str = ""  # Windows: the service's name (PID file, Startup shortcut)
+    Name: str = ""  # run by SaraSuite: the service's name (PID file, log, autostart)
     Script: str = ""
     WorkingDir: str = ""
 
+    @property
+    def RunBySaraSuite(self) -> bool:
+        return IsWindows or not HasSystemd
+
     @property
     def Id(self) -> str:
-        return self.Unit or self.Name
+        """What the receipt records: the unit under systemd, else the name."""
+        return (self.Name or self.Unit) if self.RunBySaraSuite else (self.Unit or self.Name)
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -229,6 +236,7 @@ class Program:
         else:
             Context.update(
                 SystemdUserDir=str(ConfigHome / "systemd" / "user"),
+                AutostartDir=str(AutostartDir),
                 ApplicationsDir=str(DataHome / "applications"),
                 DBusServicesDir=str(DataHome / "dbus-1" / "services"),
             )
@@ -282,7 +290,9 @@ def LoadProgram(Folder: Path) -> Program:
         RequirementsFile=Python.get("RequirementsFile", ""),
         Options=[Option(**Item) for Item in _ForPlatform(Data.get("Options", []))],
         Questions=[Question(**Item) for Item in _ForPlatform(Data.get("Questions", []))],
-        Templates=[TemplateFile(**Item) for Item in _ForPlatform(Data.get("Templates", []))],
+        # Without systemd, its unit files would just sit there unused.
+        Templates=[TemplateFile(**Item) for Item in _ForPlatform(Data.get("Templates", []))
+                   if HasSystemd or "{SystemdUserDir}" not in Item.get("Target", "")],
         Configs=[ConfigFile(**Item) for Item in _ForPlatform(Data.get("Configs", []))],
         IniEdits=[IniEdit(**Item) for Item in _ForPlatform(Data.get("IniEdits", []))],
         Services=[Service(**Item) for Item in _ForPlatform(Data.get("Services", []))],

Programs/SaraSortd/Manifest.toml

@@ -40,24 +40,28 @@ Target = "{ConfigDir}/InputDirConf.toml"
 Source = "OutputDirConf.toml"
 Target = "{ConfigDir}/OutputDirConf.toml"
 
-# Linux: a systemd user service.
+# Linux with systemd: a systemd user service.
 [[Templates]]
 Platform = "Linux"
 Source = "SaraSortd.service"
 Target = "{SystemdUserDir}/SaraSortd.service"
 
+# Windows, and Linux without systemd (runit, OpenRC, s6, ...): run from
+# ConfigDir by ServiceRun.py, which restarts it if it fails, at login through
+# a shortcut in the Startup folder / an XDG autostart entry (SaraSuite's
+# Services.py). On Linux the same service has a Unit for systemd too.
+[[Templates]]
+Source = "../../ServiceRun.py"
+Target = "{ProgramDir}/ServiceRun.py"
+
 [[Services]]
 Platform = "Linux"
 Unit = "SaraSortd.service"
+Name = "SaraSortd"
+Script = "SaraSortd.py"
+WorkingDir = "{ConfigDir}"
 Option = "Autostart"
 
-# Windows: run windowless from ConfigDir by ServiceRun.py, at login through a
-# shortcut in the Startup folder (see SaraSuite's WindowsSupport.py).
-[[Templates]]
-Platform = "Windows"
-Source = "../../ServiceRun.py"
-Target = "{ProgramDir}/ServiceRun.py"
-
 [[Services]]
 Platform = "Windows"
 Name = "SaraSortd"

Programs/ServiceRun.py

@@ -1,33 +1,104 @@
-"""Runs a SaraSuite program as a background service on Windows, the stand-in
-for a systemd --user service. Started windowless with pythonw.exe, both at
-login (by the program's shortcut in the Startup folder) and when SaraSuite
-or the program's own GUI (e.g. SaraSort for SaraSortd) starts it:
+"""Runs a SaraSuite program as a background service where there's no systemd
+--user to do it: on Windows (started windowless with pythonw.exe), and on
+Linux with another init system (runit on Void, OpenRC, s6, dinit, ...).
+Started at login (Windows: a shortcut in the Startup folder; Linux: an XDG
+autostart entry) and when SaraSuite or the program's own GUI (e.g. SaraSort
+for SaraSortd) starts it:
 
-    pythonw.exe ServiceRun.py <Name> <Script>       (in the service's working folder)
+    python ServiceRun.py <Name> <Script> [<WorkingDir>]
 
-It records its PID in %LOCALAPPDATA%\\SaraSuite\\Services\\<Name>.pid, so
-anything can tell whether the service runs, and stop it (taskkill), without
-a Windows service and without admin rights. Installed next to each program
-that has a Windows service (Programs/<Name>/Manifest.toml, [[Services]]).
+Like the systemd unit it stands in for: one copy at a time; restarted 10
+seconds after it fails (an exception or a non-zero exit), not after a clean
+exit or a stop; its output goes to <Name>.log. Its PID is in <Name>.pid, so
+anything can tell whether it runs, and stop it, without admin rights. Both
+files are in SaraSuite's Services folder: %LOCALAPPDATA%\\SaraSuite\\Services
+on Windows, ~/.local/share/SaraSuite/Services on Linux.
+
+Installed next to each program that has a service (Programs/<Name>/Manifest.toml).
 """
 
 import os
 import runpy
+import signal
 import sys
+import time
+import traceback
+from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
 
+IsWindows = sys.platform == "win32"
+RestartSeconds = 10  # the unit's RestartSec
+MaxLogBytes = 1_000_000  # then the log starts over, the old one kept as <Name>.log.1
+Stopping = False
+
+
+def ServicesDir() -> Path:
+    if IsWindows:
+        Base = Path(os.environ.get("LOCALAPPDATA") or Path.home() / "AppData" / "Local")
+    else:
+        Base = Path(os.environ.get("XDG_DATA_HOME") or Path.home() / ".local" / "share")
+    return Base / "SaraSuite" / "Services"
+
+
+def _AlreadyRunning(PidFile: Path) -> bool:
+    """Linux: whether the PID file's process is another ServiceRun.py still
+    running (not a reused PID). Windows relies on whoever starts it to check."""
+    if IsWindows:
+        return False
+    try:
+        Pid = int(PidFile.read_text().strip())
+        if Pid == os.getpid():
+            return False
+        return b"ServiceRun.py" in Path(f"/proc/{Pid}/cmdline").read_bytes()
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return False
+
+
+def _Stop(Signal, Frame) -> None:
+    global Stopping
+    Stopping = True
+    raise SystemExit(0)
+
 
 def Main() -> None:
     Name, Script = sys.argv[1], Path(sys.argv[2])
-    LocalAppData = Path(os.environ.get("LOCALAPPDATA") or Path.home() / "AppData" / "Local")
-    PidFile = LocalAppData / "SaraSuite" / "Services" / f"{Name}.pid"
-    PidFile.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    if len(sys.argv) > 3:
+        Folder = Path(sys.argv[3])
+        Folder.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        os.chdir(Folder)
+    Folder = ServicesDir()
+    Folder.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    # Not an f-string: SaraSuite fills in braced names like that one when it places this file.
+    PidFile = Folder / (Name + ".pid")
+    if _AlreadyRunning(PidFile):
+        return
+
+    LogFile = Folder / (Name + ".log")
+    if LogFile.exists() and LogFile.stat().st_size > MaxLogBytes:
+        LogFile.replace(LogFile.with_suffix(".log.1"))
+    sys.stdout = sys.stderr = open(LogFile, "a", buffering=1, encoding="utf-8", errors="replace")
+
     PidFile.write_text(str(os.getpid()))
+    if not IsWindows:
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, _Stop)  # a stop: finish cleanly, don't restart
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(Script.parent))
     try:
-        sys.argv = [str(Script)]
-        sys.path.insert(0, str(Script.parent))
-        runpy.run_path(str(Script), run_name="__main__")
+        while True:
+            print(f"== {datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S} starting {Script.name}")
+            try:
+                sys.argv = [str(Script)]
+                runpy.run_path(str(Script), run_name="__main__")
+                break
+            except SystemExit as Exit:
+                if Stopping or Exit.code in (None, 0):
+                    break
+                print(f"== {Script.name} exited with {Exit.code}")
+            except Exception:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+            print(f"== restarting in {RestartSeconds} seconds")
+            time.sleep(RestartSeconds)
     finally:
+        print(f"== {datetime.now():%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S} stopped")
         # Only remove it if it's still ours (a newer start may have replaced it).
         try:
             if PidFile.read_text().strip() == str(os.getpid()):

README.md

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ It's one AppImage file: download it, run it, pick a program.
 - **Install**: downloads the program's latest commit from its git repo, copies it into
   `~/.local/share/SaraSuite/Programs/<Name>/` with its own Python venv, places its configs in
   `~/.config/SaraSuite/<Name>/`, and writes its desktop entries, systemd user units, D-Bus
-  services and so on.
+  services and so on. Without systemd (runit on Void, OpenRC, s6, dinit, ...), background
+  services run the way they do on Windows: see the table below.
 - **Update**: shown when the repo has a newer commit. Program files and integration files are
   replaced; configs are *merged*: your edits always win, defaults you never touched follow the
   new version, new keys are added (see `ConfigMerge.py`).
@@ -90,6 +91,15 @@ places it. It reapplies the installed commit, so the program itself isn't update
 | `~/.cache/...` | `%LOCALAPPDATA%\...` |
 | desktop entry | Start Menu shortcut (`[[Shortcuts]]`) |
 | systemd user service | `ServiceRun.py`, started at login by a shortcut in the Startup folder; its PID is in `%LOCALAPPDATA%\SaraSuite\Services\<Name>.pid` |
+
+Linux without systemd (no `/run/systemd/system`: runit on Void, OpenRC, s6, dinit, ...) runs
+services like Windows does (`Services.py`): `ServiceRun.py` runs them, started at login by an XDG
+autostart entry, `~/.config/autostart/<Name>.desktop`, which desktop sessions start whatever the
+init system is. It restarts a service 10 seconds after it fails, like the unit's
+`Restart=on-failure`, and keeps its output in `~/.local/share/SaraSuite/Services/<Name>.log` (its
+PID next to it, in `<Name>.pid`). Units aren't written there, and `RestartUnits` stops the process
+instead (D-Bus starts `xdg-desktop-portal` again when it's needed). A window manager that doesn't
+run XDG autostart entries needs to start them itself (e.g. `dex -a` in its startup config).
 | system `python3` | the `py` launcher / `python.exe`; if there's none, SaraSuite installs Python for the user with winget |
 | AppImage self-update (rename over it) | `.exe` self-update (the running one is renamed to `SaraSuite.old.exe`, deleted on the next start) |
 
@@ -193,13 +203,16 @@ Option = "Autostart"           # optional: only while the option is ticked
 Root = false                   # true: outside $HOME, written through pkexec
 Executable = false
 
-[[Services]]                   # Linux: systemd --user units, enabled + started
-Platform = "Linux"
-Unit = "Example.service"
+[[Services]]                   # Linux: a systemd --user unit, enabled + started; without
+Platform = "Linux"             # systemd, Name/Script/WorkingDir run by ServiceRun.py instead,
+Unit = "Example.service"       # started at login by an autostart entry
+Name = "Example"
+Script = "Example.py"
+WorkingDir = "{ConfigDir}"
 Option = "Autostart"
 
 [[Services]]                   # Windows: run by ServiceRun.py from a Startup-folder shortcut
-Platform = "Windows"           # (also add ../../ServiceRun.py as a Template to {ProgramDir})
+Platform = "Windows"           # (both: add ../../ServiceRun.py as a Template to {ProgramDir})
 Name = "Example"
 Script = "Example.py"          # relative to the app folder
 WorkingDir = "{ConfigDir}"

Services.py

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+"""Background services SaraSuite runs itself, where there's no systemd --user
+to do it: Windows, and Linux with another init system (runit on Void, OpenRC,
+s6, dinit, ...). Each runs as Programs/ServiceRun.py <Name> <Script>
+<WorkingDir>, which keeps it going (restarts it if it fails), logs its output
+and records its PID, all in ServicesDir. At login it's started by
+- Windows: a shortcut in the Startup folder;
+- Linux: an XDG autostart entry (~/.config/autostart/<Name>.desktop), which
+  desktop sessions start whatever the init system is.
+The installer places those (Installer._ApplyStandInServices); this starts,
+stops and checks the services. SaraSort's Service.py does the same for SaraSortd.
+"""
+
+import os
+import re
+import signal
+import subprocess
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Callable, Optional
+
+from Core import ChildEnvironment, IsWindows, ServicesDir
+
+LogFn = Callable[[str], None]
+
+# Windows: child processes of a windowed program would each flash a console window.
+NoWindow = getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NO_WINDOW", 0)
+_Detached = getattr(subprocess, "DETACHED_PROCESS", 0) | getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP", 0)
+
+
+def _PidFile(Name: str) -> Path:
+    return ServicesDir / f"{Name}.pid"
+
+
+def LogFile(Name: str) -> Path:
+    return ServicesDir / f"{Name}.log"
+
+
+def ServicePid(Name: str) -> Optional[int]:
+    """The PID ServiceRun.py recorded, if that process is still it."""
+    try:
+        Pid = int(_PidFile(Name).read_text().strip())
+    except (OSError, ValueError):
+        return None
+    if not IsWindows:
+        try:
+            return Pid if b"ServiceRun.py" in Path(f"/proc/{Pid}/cmdline").read_bytes() else None
+        except OSError:
+            return None
+    try:
+        Output = subprocess.run(
+            ["tasklist", "/FI", f"PID eq {Pid}", "/NH", "/FO", "CSV"],
+            capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=15, creationflags=NoWindow,
+        ).stdout
+    except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError):
+        return None
+    return Pid if re.search(rf'"{Pid}"', Output) else None
+
+
+def Command(Python: Path, Runner: Path, Name: str, Script: Path, WorkingDir: Path) -> list[str]:
+    """What runs the service (Python: pythonw.exe on Windows)."""
+    return [str(Python), str(Runner), Name, str(Script), str(WorkingDir)]
+
+
+def Start(Name: str, Python: Path, Runner: Path, Script: Path, WorkingDir: Path, Log: LogFn) -> None:
+    """Start a service now (it also starts at every login, the same way)."""
+    if ServicePid(Name) is not None:
+        Log(f"{Name} is already running")
+        return
+    WorkingDir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    Extra = {"creationflags": _Detached | NoWindow} if IsWindows else {"start_new_session": True}
+    subprocess.Popen(
+        Command(Python, Runner, Name, Script, WorkingDir), cwd=str(WorkingDir), env=ChildEnvironment(),
+        close_fds=True, stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, **Extra,
+    )
+    Log(f"Started {Name}")
+
+
+def Stop(Name: str, Log: LogFn) -> None:
+    Pid = ServicePid(Name)
+    if Pid is not None:
+        if IsWindows:
+            subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/PID", str(Pid), "/T", "/F"], capture_output=True, creationflags=NoWindow)
+        else:
+            # ServiceRun.py finishes cleanly on SIGTERM; one that hangs is killed.
+            os.kill(Pid, signal.SIGTERM)
+            for _ in range(50):
+                if ServicePid(Name) is None:
+                    break
+                time.sleep(0.2)
+            else:
+                os.kill(Pid, signal.SIGKILL)
+        Log(f"Stopped {Name}")
+    _PidFile(Name).unlink(missing_ok=True)
+
+
+def Restart(Name: str, Python: Path, Runner: Path, Script: Path, WorkingDir: Path, Log: LogFn) -> None:
+    Stop(Name, Log)
+    Start(Name, Python, Runner, Script, WorkingDir, Log)
+
+
+def _ExecArgument(Text: str) -> str:
+    """One argument for a desktop entry's Exec key (the spec's quoting)."""
+    Text = Text.replace("%", "%%")
+    if re.fullmatch(r"[\w@%+=:,./-]+", Text):
+        return Text
+    return '"' + re.sub(r'(["`$\\])', r"\\\1", Text) + '"'
+
+
+def AutostartEntry(Name: str, Python: Path, Runner: Path, Script: Path, WorkingDir: Path) -> str:
+    """Linux: the XDG autostart entry that starts the service at login."""
+    Exec = " ".join(_ExecArgument(Part) for Part in Command(Python, Runner, Name, Script, WorkingDir))
+    return (
+        "# Written by SaraSuite: starts this background service at login on systems\n"
+        "# without systemd (runit, OpenRC, s6, ...). Removed with the program.\n"
+        "[Desktop Entry]\n"
+        "Type=Application\n"
+        f"Name={Name}\n"
+        f"Comment={Name} (background service, run by SaraSuite)\n"
+        f"Exec={Exec}\n"
+        "Terminal=false\n"
+        "NoDisplay=true\n"
+        "X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true\n"
+    )

WindowsSupport.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     Linux                               Windows
     .desktop entry                      Start Menu shortcut (.lnk)
     systemd --user service              shortcut in the Startup folder, started and stopped
-                                        through Programs/ServiceRun.py (which records its PID)
+                                        through Programs/ServiceRun.py (Services.py)
     system python3                      the py launcher / python.exe, else winget installs it
     fc-list                             the Fonts registry key
 
@@ -17,13 +17,12 @@ import subprocess
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Callable, Optional
 
-from Core import DataHome, ServicesDir
+from Core import DataHome
 
 LogFn = Callable[[str], None]
 
 # Child processes of a windowed program would each flash a console window.
 NoWindow = getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NO_WINDOW", 0)
-_Detached = getattr(subprocess, "DETACHED_PROCESS", 0) | getattr(subprocess, "CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP", 0)
 
 PythonVersion = "3.14"  # what winget installs when there's no Python yet
 _WingetId = f"Python.Python.{PythonVersion}"
@@ -115,58 +114,6 @@ def InstallPython(Log: LogFn) -> Optional[str]:
     return FindPython()
 
 
-# --- Background services (SaraSortd) ---------------------------------------------------
-
-
-def _PidFile(Name: str) -> Path:
-    return ServicesDir / f"{Name}.pid"
-
-
-def ServicePid(Name: str) -> Optional[int]:
-    """The PID ServiceRun.py recorded, if that process is still alive."""
-    try:
-        Pid = int(_PidFile(Name).read_text().strip())
-    except (OSError, ValueError):
-        return None
-    try:
-        Output = subprocess.run(
-            ["tasklist", "/FI", f"PID eq {Pid}", "/NH", "/FO", "CSV"],
-            capture_output=True, text=True, timeout=15, creationflags=NoWindow,
-        ).stdout
-    except (OSError, subprocess.SubprocessError):
-        return None
-    return Pid if re.search(rf'"{Pid}"', Output) else None
-
-
-def StartService(Name: str, PythonW: Path, Runner: Path, Script: Path, WorkingDir: Path, Log: LogFn) -> None:
-    """Start a background service now (it's also started at every login by
-    its Startup shortcut, which runs the same command)."""
-    if ServicePid(Name) is not None:
-        Log(f"{Name} is already running")
-        return
-    WorkingDir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
-    subprocess.Popen(
-        [str(PythonW), str(Runner), Name, str(Script)], cwd=str(WorkingDir),
-        creationflags=_Detached | NoWindow, close_fds=True,
-        stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-    )
-    Log(f"Started {Name}")
-
-
-def StopService(Name: str, Log: LogFn) -> None:
-    Pid = ServicePid(Name)
-    if Pid is not None:
-        subprocess.run(["taskkill", "/PID", str(Pid), "/T", "/F"], capture_output=True, creationflags=NoWindow)
-        Log(f"Stopped {Name}")
-    _PidFile(Name).unlink(missing_ok=True)
-
-
-def RestartService(Name: str, PythonW: Path, Runner: Path, Script: Path, WorkingDir: Path, Log: LogFn) -> None:
-    if ServicePid(Name) is not None:
-        StopService(Name, Log)
-        StartService(Name, PythonW, Runner, Script, WorkingDir, Log)
-
-
 # --- Fonts -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------